Identificação de polinizadores na progênie da matriz de erva-mate cambona-4, usando marcadores RAPD.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a paternidade de uma progênie de erva-mate da matriz Cambona-4 e quatro possíveis polinizadores (A,B,C e D). O mesmo visa a produção de mudas por sementes com a manutenção das características agronômicas e principalmente suavidade no sabor, inerentes à matriz Cambona-4. Para tanto, foram utilizados marcadores RAPD identificando-se fragmentos presentes em apenas um dos polinizadores e na progênie e, obrigatoriamente, ausentes nos demais polinizadores e na matriz. Um mínimo de seis fragmentos com estas características foram usados para determinação de cada paternidade. Obteve-se a confirmação de 83,3% de filhos oriundos do cruzamento com o polinizador A, 11,9% com o polinizador B, 4,8% com o polinizador C. Nenhuma planta da progênie confirmou ser filha do cruzamento com o polinizador D. De um total de 107 progênies testadas, 23 não foram possíveis de determinar sua paternidade com os primers utilizados. A determinação da paternidade preferencialmente pelo polinizador A permitirá o direcionamento de cruzamentos a fim de obter-se sementes e mudas com uma variabilidade baixa e características próximas à da matriz Cambona-4, uma vez que as plantas da progênie confirmadas como Cambona-4/polinizador A apresentaram características próximas à planta matriz, com 90% das plantas semelhantes quanto à cor da folha e 84% quanto ao brilho da folha. Testes preliminares de degustação mostram que a característica de suavidade no sabor está mantida nesta progênie, embora ensaios sensoriais estejam em fase de programação.Secão: Conservação, Melhoramento e Multiplicação. Feira do Agronegócio da Erva-mate, 1., 2003, Chapecó. Integrar para promover o agronegócio da erva-mate

Analyse de la variabilite des rendements du riz selon les varietes et les pratiques culturales\ua0: Cas des perimetres irrigues de Toula, Bonfeba et de Diomona au Niger

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is very important in Niger for its contribution to improve food security and people\u2019s incomes. Despite the existence of several potentialities (irrigable potential, creation of several irrigated perimeters); Niger is still dependent on imports to meet its rice consumption requirements. Unfortunately, yields have stagnated. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that induce yield differentials between rice varieties based on the producers\u2019 cultural practices. The study was carried out in the Tillab\ue9ri region of Niger, on three irrigated perimeters, with a sample of 50 producers in 5 villages. The study was based on a survey with a questionnaire integrated into a Smartphone, and observation based on the demarcation of plots and subplots in the producers fields. Results obtained showed that the management of the crop was variable and spatially not only from one perimeter from one producer to another. Significant reductions in yield differentials of 53 to 22% were obtained based on the variety and applied herbicide dose.\ua0La riziculture ( Oryza sativa L.) est une activit\ue9 tr\ue8s importante au Niger pour sa contribution \ue0 l\u2019am\ue9lioration de la s\ue9curit\ue9 alimentaire et des revenus des populations. Cependant, malgr\ue9 l\u2019existence de plusieurs potentialit\ue9s (potentiel irrigable, cr\ue9ation de plusieurs p\ue9rim\ue8tres irrigu\ue9s), les nig\ue9riens continuent \ue0 \ueatre d\ue9pendants du riz en provenance de l\u2019ext\ue9rieur. Parmi les difficult\ue9s que rencontre la production rizicole, la principale reste la stagnation des rendements. C\u2019est pour comprendre les causes qui sont \ue0 la base de cette stagnation que cette \ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e. L\u2019objectif principal vis\ue9 est de d\ue9terminer les facteurs induisant les \ue9carts de rendements entre les vari\ue9t\ue9s de riz selon les pratiques culturales des producteurs. L\u2019\ue9tude s\u2019est d\ue9roul\ue9e dans la r\ue9gion de Tillab\ue9ri, sur trois am\ue9nagements hydro-agricoles avec un \ue9chantillon de 50 producteurs repartis dans 5 villages. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l\u2019\ue9tude s\u2019est bas\ue9e sur une phase d\u2019enqu\ueate bas\ue9e sur un questionnaire int\ue9gr\ue9 dans un Smartphone, et une autre phase d\u2019observation, bas\ue9e sur la mise en place des placettes et sous-placettes dans les champs des producteurs afin de recueillir les informations sur les pratiques culturales du riz et d\u2019\ue9valuer les rendements obtenus. Les r\ue9sultats obtenus ont montr\ue9 que la gestion de la culture de riz est variable non seulement d\u2019un p\ue9rim\ue8tre \ue0 un autre, mais aussi d\u2019un producteur \ue0 un autre, avec des cons\ue9quences sur le rendement. Des r\ue9ductions importantes des \ue9carts de rendement de 53 \ue0 22 % ont \ue9t\ue9 obtenues en fonction de la vari\ue9t\ue9, de la dose d\u2019herbicide appliqu\ue9e et le non-respect des \ue2ges des plants au repiquage

NORMES TECHNIQUES ET PRATIQUES LOCALES DES PRODUCTEURS DANS LES PERIMETRES RIZICOLES IRRIGUES DE TOULA ET DE BONFEBA AU NIGER

In Niger, rice cultivation contributes significantly to the food security of populations. The various investments made by the country have made it possible to promote irrigated rice growing in the valley of the river with two crops of rice per year and thus to increase production significantly But it is clear that the technical standards that are supposed to be applied to irrigated rice areas have undergone changes over the years, thus reducing the expected performance of this modern rice crop. The objective of this study was to analyse the evolution of technical standards of rice production and local practices in irrigated areas. The study was carried out on two irrigated rice-producing sites in Niger and was based on survey involving key informants. The results showed that there was a great diversity between technical standards and practices in the fields. In addition to the approved varieties, the choice of producers also covered Community varieties, whereas this practice is prohibited on irrigated areas. Transplanting did not meet the standard of 25 pockets per m\ub2. The herbicide doses used by the producers varied from 80 to 240 g ha-1\ua0; while the recommended one was 80 g ha-1. Mineral fertilisation was different from the prescribed standards ; not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of application frequency. These under performances are due to the inefficiency of technical management which does not reach the greatest number of producers. Technical supervision lacks technical and material resources and is still based on traditional methods for disseminating agricultural advice. The methods applied today are outdated. It would, therefore, be necessary to revise the farm council\u2019s dissemination methods.Au Niger, la riziculture contribue pour beaucoup dans la s\ue9curit\ue9 alimentaire des populations. Les diff\ue9rents investissements effectu\ue9s par le pays ont permis de promouvoir la riziculture irrigu\ue9e dans la vall\ue9e du fleuve avec deux r\ue9coltes de riz par an et donc d\u2019augmenter significativement les productions. Mais, force et de constater que les normes techniques cens\ue9es \ueatre en application sur les p\ue9rim\ue8tres rizicoles irrigu\ue9s ont subi des changements au fil des ann\ue9es r\ue9duisant, ainsi, les performances esp\ue9r\ue9es de cette riziculture moderne. La pr\ue9sente \ue9tude avait pour objectif d\u2019analyser l\u2019\ue9volution des normes techniques de la production du riz et les pratiques locales dans les p\ue9rim\ue8tres irrigu\ue9s. L\u2019\ue9tude s\u2019est d\ue9roul\ue9e sur deux p\ue9rim\ue8tres rizicoles irrigu\ue9s au Niger et s\u2019est bas\ue9e sur des enqu\ueates aupr\ue8s d\u2019informateurs cl\ue9s. Les enqu\ueates se sont bas\ue9es sur un guide-questionnaire o\uf9 il s\u2019agit pour l\u2019informateur-cl\ue9 de r\ue9pondre \ue0 diff\ue9rentes questions en rapport avec les pratiques agricoles li\ue9es \ue0 la culture du riz dans les p\ue9rim\ue8tres rizicoles irrigu\ue9s. L\u2019analyse des donn\ue9es a \ue9t\ue9 effectu\ue9e en utilisant les logiciels Excel, R Commender et le logiciel Nvivo. Les r\ue9sultats obtenus ont montr\ue9 qu\u2019il y a une grande diversit\ue9 entre les normes techniques et les pratiques sur le terrain. En plus des vari\ue9t\ue9s homologu\ue9es, le choix des producteurs a port\ue9 aussi sur les vari\ue9t\ue9s appel\ue9es communautaires alors que les r\ue8gles l\u2019ont interdit sur les p\ue9rim\ue8tres irrigu\ue9s. Les repiquages n\u2019ont pas respect\ue9 la norme qui \ue9tait de 25 poquets par m\ub2. Les doses d\u2019herbicide apport\ue9es par les producteurs ont vari\ue9 de 80 \ue0 240 g ha-1 alors que la dose recommand\ue9e \ue9tait de 80 g ha-1. La fertilisation min\ue9rale \ue9taitloin des normes prescrites non seulement en termes de quantit\ue9 mais aussi en termes de fr\ue9quence d\u2019application. Ces sous performances sont dues \ue0 l\u2019inefficience de l\u2019encadrement technique qui n\u2019arrive pas \ue0 toucher le plus grand nombre de producteurs. L\u2019encadrement technique manque de moyens tant mat\ue9riel que technique et se base encore sur des m\ue9thodes traditionnelles pour diffuser le conseil agricole. Les m\ue9thodes appliqu\ue9es aujourd\u2019hui sont d\ue9pass\ue9es. Il serait donc n\ue9cessaire que les m\ue9thodes de diffusion du conseil agricole soient r\ue9vis\ue9es. L\u2019utilisation des nouvelles technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication peut \ueatre une bonne opportunit\ue9 pour une diffusion efficace du conseil agricole

Who is who at different cameras: people re-identification using depth cameras

This study proposes the concept of bodyprints to perform re-identification of people in surveillance videos. Bodyprints are obtained using calibrated depth-colour cameras such as kinect. The author's results on a database of 40 people show that bodyprints are very robust to changes of pose, point of view and illumination. Potential applications include tracking people with networks of non-overlapping cameras. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.The work presented in this paper has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under the CICYT contract TEVISMART, TEC2009-09146.Albiol Colomer, AJ.; Albiol Colomer, A.; Oliver Moll, J.; Mossi García, JM. (2012). Who is who at different cameras: people re-identification using depth cameras. IET Computer Vision. 6(5):378-387. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2011.0140S37838765Dee, H. M., & Velastin, S. A. (2007). How close are we to solving the problem of automated visual surveillance? Machine Vision and Applications, 19(5-6), 329-343. doi:10.1007/s00138-007-0077-zhttp://www.pointclouds.org/Zhang, Z., & Troje, N. F. (2005). View-independent person identification from human gait. Neurocomputing, 69(1-3), 250-256. doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2005.06.002Bazzani, L., Cristani, M., Perina, A., Farenzena, M., & Murino, V. (2010). Multiple-Shot Person Re-identification by HPE Signature. 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. doi:10.1109/icpr.2010.349Doretto, G., Sebastian, T., Tu, P., & Rittscher, J. (2011). Appearance-based person reidentification in camera networks: problem overview and current approaches. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2(2), 127-151. doi:10.1007/s12652-010-0034-yBk, S., Corvee, E., Bremond, F., & Thonnat, M. (2010). Person Re-identification Using Spatial Covariance Regions of Human Body Parts. 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance. doi:10.1109/avss.2010.34Da-Jinn Wang, Chao-Ho Chen, Tsong-Yi Chen, & Chien-Tsung Lee. (2009). People Recognition for Entering & Leaving a Video Surveillance Area. 2009 Fourth International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC). doi:10.1109/icicic.2009.293Bird, N. D., Masoud, O., Papanikolopoulos, N. P., & Isaacs, A. (2005). Detection of Loitering Individuals in Public Transportation Areas. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 6(2), 167-177. doi:10.1109/tits.2005.848370Oliveira, I. O. de, & Pio, J. L. de S. (2009). People Reidentification in a Camera Network. 2009 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing. doi:10.1109/dasc.2009.33Hamdoun, O., Moutarde, F., Stanciulescu, B., & Steux, B. (2008). Person re-identification in multi-camera system by signature based on interest point descriptors collected on short video sequences. 2008 Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras. doi:10.1109/icdsc.2008.4635689Office, U.H.: ‘i-LIDS multiple camera tracking scenario definition’, 2008)http://www.gpiv.upv.es/kinect_data/http://www.primesense.com/http://www.openni.org/http://opencv.willowgarage.com/http://www.ros.org/http://kinectforwindows.org/Grimaud, M. (1992). New measure of contrast: the dynamics. Image Algebra and Morphological Image Processing III. doi:10.1117/12.60650Beucher, S., and Meyer, F.: ‘The morphological approach to segmentation: the watershed transformation’, (Marcel-Dekker 1992), p. 433–4

Ground truth annotation of traffic video data

This paper presents a software application to generate ground-truth data on video files from traffic surveillance cameras used for Intelligent Transportation Systems (IT systems). The computer vision system to be evaluated counts the number of vehicles that cross a line per time unit intensity-, the average speed and the occupancy. The main goal of the visual interface presented in this paper is to be easy to use without the requirement of any specific hardware. It is based on a standard laptop or desktop computer and a Jog shuttle wheel. The setup is efficient and comfortable because one hand of the annotating person is almost all the time on the space key of the keyboard while the other hand is on the jog shuttle wheel. The mean time required to annotate a video file ranges from 1 to 5 times its duration (per lane) depending on the content. Compared to general purpose annotation tool a time factor gain of about 7 times is achieved.This work was funded by the Spanish Government project MARTA under the CENIT program and CICYT contract TEC2009-09146.Mossi García, JM.; Albiol Colomer, AJ.; Albiol Colomer, A.; Oliver Moll, J. (2014). Ground truth annotation of traffic video data. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1396-xS114Albiol A et al (2011) Detection of parked vehicles using spatiotemporal maps. IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst 12(4):1277–1291Blunsden SJ, Fisher R (2010) The BEHAVE video dataset: ground truthed video for multi-person behavior classification. Annal British Mach Vis Assoc 4:1–12Bradski G, Kaehler A (2008) Learning OpenCV: Computer vision with the OpenCV library. O'Reilly Media, IncorporatedBrooke J. SUS: a “quick and dirty” usability scale. Usability evaluation in industry. Taylor and FrancisBrostow GJ et al (2009) Semantic object classes in video: a high-definition ground truth database. Pattern Recognit Lett 30(2):88–97Buch N et al (2011) A review of computer vision techniques for the analysis of urban traffic. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(3):920–939D’Orazio T et al. (2009) A semi-automatic system for ground truth generation of soccer video sequences. Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009. AVSS’09. Sixth IEEE International Conference on (Sep. 2009), 559–564Dollar P et al (2012) Pedestrian detection: an evaluation of the state of the art. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34(4):743–761Faro A et al (2011) Adaptive background modeling integrated with luminosity sensors and occlusion processing for reliable vehicle detection. IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst 12(4):1398–1412Giro-i-Nieto X et al (2010) GAT: a graphical annotation tool for semantic regions. Multimed Tool Appl 46(2–3):155–174i-LIDS. Image Library for Intelligent Detection Systems: www.ilids.co.uk . Home Office Scientific Development Branch, United Kingdom. Last Accessed February 2013Kasturi R et al (2009) Framework for performance evaluation of face, text, and vehicle detection and tracking in video: data, metrics, and protocol. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(2):319–336Laganière R (2011) OpenCV 2 computer vision application programming cookbook. Packt Pub LimitedLorist MM et al (2000) Mental fatigue and task control: planning and preparation. Psychophysiology 37(5):614–625Russell B et al (2008) LabelMe: a database and web-based tool for image annotation. Int J Comput Vis 77(1):157–173Serrano M, Gracía J, Patricio M, Molina J (2010). Interactive video annotation tool. Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 325–332Traffic City Cameras. Ajuntament de València, Spain. http://camaras.valencia.es . Last Accessed February 2013TREC video retrieval evaluation. http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/trecvid/Vezzani R, Cucchiara R (2010) Video Surveillance Online Repository (ViSOR): an integrated framework. Multimed Tool Appl 50(2):359–380ViPER: the video performance evaluation resource: http://viper-toolkit.sourceforge.net/Volkmer T et al. (2005) A web-based system for collaborative annotation of large image and video collections: an evaluation and user study. Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (New York, NY, USA, 2005), 892–901Zhang HB, Li SA, Chen SY, Su SZ, Duh DJ, Li SZ (2012) Adaptive photograph retrieval method. Multimedia Tools and Applications, Published online September 2012.Zou Y et al (2011) Traffic incident classification at intersections based on image sequences by HMM/SVM classifiers. Multimed Tool Appl 52(1):133–14

Hierarchical contribution of individual lifestyle factors and their interactions on adenomatous and serrated polyp risk.

BACKGROUND Individual colorectal polyp risk factors are well characterized; however, insights into their pathway-specific interactions are scarce. We aimed to identify the impact of individual risk factors and their joint effects on adenomatous (AP) and serrated polyp (SP) risk. METHODS We collected information on 363 lifestyle and metabolic parameters from 1597 colonoscopy participants, resulting in over 521,000 data points. We used multivariate statistics and machine-learning approaches to assess associations of single variables and their interactions with AP and SP risk. RESULTS Individual factors and their interactions showed common and polyp subtype-specific effects. Abdominal obesity, high body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome, and red meat consumption globally increased polyp risk. Age, gender, and western diet associated with AP risk, while smoking was associated with SP risk. CRC family history was associated with advanced adenomas and diabetes with sessile serrated lesions. Regarding lifestyle factor interactions, no lifestyle or dietary adjustments mitigated the adverse smoking effect on SP risk, whereas its negative effect was exacerbated by alcohol in the conventional pathway. The adverse effect of red meat on SP risk was not ameliorated by any factor, but was further exacerbated by western diet along the conventional pathway. No modification of any factor reduced the negative impact of metabolic syndrome on AP risk, whereas increased fatless fish or meat substitutes' intake mitigated its effect on SP risk. CONCLUSIONS Individual risk factors and their interactions for polyp formation along the adenomatous and serrated pathways are strongly heterogeneous. Our findings may facilitate tailored lifestyle recommendations and contribute to a better understanding of how risk factor combinations impact colorectal carcinogenesis

Odour-mediated orientation of beetles is influenced by age, sex and morph

The behaviour of insects is dictated by a combination of factors and may vary considerably between individuals, but small insects are often considered en masse and thus these differences can be overlooked. For example, the cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus F. exists naturally in two adult forms: the active (flight) form for dispersal, and the inactive (flightless), more fecund but shorter-lived form. Given that these morphs show dissimilar biology, it is possible that they differ in odour-mediated orientation and yet studies of this species frequently neglect to distinguish morph type, or are carried out only on the inactive morph. Along with sex and age of individual, adult morph could be an important variable determining the biology of this and similar species, informing studies on evolution, ecology and pest management. We used an olfactometer with motion-tracking to investigate whether the olfactory behaviour and orientation of C. maculatus towards infested and uninfested cowpeas and a plant-derived repellent compound, methyl salicylate, differed between morphs or sexes. We found significant differences between the behaviour of male and female beetles and beetles of different ages, as well as interactive effects of sex, morph and age, in response to both host and repellent odours. This study demonstrates that behavioural experiments on insects should control for sex and age, while also considering differences between adult morphs where present in insect species. This finding has broad implications for fundamental entomological research, particularly when exploring the relationships between physiology, behaviour and evolutionary biology, and the application of crop protection strategies

Variabilidade química de compostos orgânicos voláteis e semivoláteis de populações nativas de Maytenus ilicifolia

This work is focused on the chemical distribution of volatile and semi-volatile compounds of 18 native populations of Maytenus ilicifolia collected all over Brazil. The extracts of bulk samples (30 plants) of each population were obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction technique, and analyzed by GC/MS. The quantification of compounds (phytol, squalene, vitamin E, limonene, stigmasterol, friedelan-3-ol, friedelin, fridelan-3-one, palmitic acid and geranyl acetate) showed significant variations within the different populations, which could be related tom microclimate characteristics

CNNs for automatic glaucoma assessment using fundus images: an extensive validation

Background Most current algorithms for automatic glaucoma assessment using fundus images rely on handcrafted features based on segmentation, which are affected by the performance of the chosen segmentation method and the extracted features. Among other characteristics, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are known because of their ability to learn highly discriminative features from raw pixel intensities. Methods In this paper, we employed five different ImageNet-trained models (VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, ResNet50 and Xception) for automatic glaucoma assessment using fundus images. Results from an extensive validation using cross-validation and cross-testing strategies were compared with previous works in the literature. Results Using five public databases (1707 images), an average AUC of 0.9605 with a 95% confidence interval of 95.92–97.07%, an average specificity of 0.8580 and an average sensitivity of 0.9346 were obtained after using the Xception architecture, significantly improving the performance of other state-of-the-art works. Moreover, a new clinical database, ACRIMA, has been made publicly available, containing 705 labelled images. It is composed of 396 glaucomatous images and 309 normal images, which means, the largest public database for glaucoma diagnosis. The high specificity and sensitivity obtained from the proposed approach are supported by an extensive validation using not only the cross-validation strategy but also the cross-testing validation on, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, all publicly available glaucoma-labelled databases. Conclusions These results suggest that using ImageNet-trained models is a robust alternative for automatic glaucoma screening system. All images, CNN weights and software used to fine-tune and test the five CNNs are publicly available, which could be used as a testbed for further comparisons